Teaching and learning systems are information systems specifically designed to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of learning processes. A learning process is fundamentally oriented toward skills development, which may occur on an individual level (subjective learning) or in a group context (intersubjective or collective learning).
A system contributes to effectiveness when it increases the learner’s achievement of intended goals. For example, when theoretical knowledge is applied in a computational experiment, it strengthens the knowledge transfer from theory to practice. Efficiency, on the other hand, is achieved when a learning goal is reached with reduced effort. A practical example is asynchronous, location-independent learning formats—as emphasized by Seufert, Back, and Häusler (2001).
Types of Teaching and Learning Systems
The functional spectrum of teaching and learning systems can be classified into three main categories, based on systems engineering principles:
1. Learning Content Systems (LCS)
These systems directly support competency development by focusing on the learning content itself. Their role is to prepare, store, and deliver educational material. Examples include:
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Authoring tools
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Online content repositories
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Computer-Based Training (CBT) platforms
2. Learning Administration Systems (LAS)
These systems manage administrative processes related to skill development. Their core functionalities include:
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Course scheduling
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Exam and assessment management
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Instructor and learner administration
3. Learning Management Systems (LMS)
Learning Management Systems provide the overarching organizational framework for teaching and learning. Their purpose is to ensure strategic planning and operational efficiency through tools that assist with:
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Defining teaching and learning objectives
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Organizing infrastructure and learning environments
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Monitoring and controlling learning outcomes
📌 These systems are not mutually exclusive. Organizations can adopt integrated platforms covering all three categories, or they can implement modular subsystems based on specific learning requirements.
System Design and Configuration
The ideal combination of systems depends on the specific learning scenario. Factors such as the target audience, subject matter, available resources, and delivery mode influence system architecture. A detailed design model (as illustrated in Figure 2) maps out key configuration fields and their interdependencies, guiding the development of tailored digital learning environments.
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